At the top of my list of all-time favorite breakfasts is one I enjoyed in Guatemala, which consisted of scrambled eggs, pureed black beans served with queso fresco (a mild, white cheese much like fresh Mozzarella) and fried plantains. While my love of that country and its people may have influenced my perceptions, I am confident that this humble meal actually tasted far better than many cholesterol-laden morning meals I've been served in the United States.
Beans are a culinary mainstay for much of the world, and for good reason. They contain very little that is nutritionally objectionable, and contribute inexpensive protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals. When served with grains (such as rice, pasta or tortillas,) their amino acids combine to form complete protein, at a ratio of roughly one part beans to three parts grain. When cooked with onions, garlic, vegetables and/or spices, beans can be as delicious as they are good for you.
Storing
Dried beans keep well in cool, dry storage for at least one year . . . the cooler temperatures prolong quality, as they do with most stored foods. Dry storage at around 40 degrees F is ideal; temperatures above 70 degrees F can cut shelf life in half. Sealed glass jars or lidded plastic containers prevent insect invasion . . . no one wants to eat buggy beans!
Soaking
Dried beans need to be soaked eight hours or overnight in a ratio of 3--4 parts water to 1 part beans. For a quicker method, bring beans and water to a boil, then simmer (par-boil) 3 to 5 minutes. Turn off heat and allow to stand, covered, for one hour before continuing the cooking process.
Cooking
Cooking times vary depending on several factors: variety of bean, time in storage and hardness of cooking water. Lentils require no soaking, and cook in about 25--35 minutes. Split peas take about 45 minutes to cook; kidney beans, Great Northern beans and navy beans take about an hour, and black beans and pinto beans cook in roughly 90 minutes. (These cooking times assume that beans have been pre-soaked.) Cooking the beans in the soaking water retains more nutrients; rinsing and draining the beans after cooking will ease digestion. Older beans may require longer cooking, as will beans cooked in hard (high mineral content) water. To soften beans when water is hard, 1/2 tsp. baking soda may be added to the cooking water. Avoid adding sugar or acidic foods (such as tomatoes or vinegar) to beans until they are fully cooked; these foods tend to keep beans from softening. To test for softness, place a few cooked beans on a spoon and blow across them; beans are done when the skins split or crack. One cup of dried beans yields approximately 2-1/2 to 3 cups cooked beans.
Convenience
A common complaint about dried beans is that they take so much time to soak and cook. As with any approach to thrifty cooking and eating, planning ahead is the key. I typically place beans in a crock-type slow cooker (with the heat off) in the morning to soak all day, then turn the slow cooker to "low" heat when I go to bed. The next morning I unplug the slow cooker, cool the beans, and store them in two-cup portions in plastic containers in the freezer. The frozen beans thaw quickly in the microwave, or when dropped directly into hot soup or stew. In the winter, I use the heat from my wood stove to cook soaked beans, as well as other recipes for soups or stews, to save energy.
Beans also cook quickly in a pressure cooker; use caution and carefully follow manufacturer's instructions when using this method. Cooking times are roughly 1/3 of the stove top method.
Cost
Although dried beans have gone up in price from a few years ago, they are still cheaper to use than canned beans. Typically, a one-pound package of dried beans is equal to approximately 4 15.25-oz. cans of pre-cooked beans.
By planning ahead, and having a variety of cooked beans in your freezer, you can save money and enjoy bean-based recipes from many different cultures. Cookbooks at the library contain recipes from Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, the Far East and Africa. There are many recipes available on-line as well. Choose a country whose cuisine you enjoy (or would like to try) and let the bean cooking and eating begin!
--Susan Rodebush © 2009
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